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Table 1 Prevalence of comorbid BPD in individuals with SUD

From: Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders: an updated review

Reference

Sample

Diagnostic Instrument

N with SUD

% female

Mean Age (SD)

N with BPD (%)

Anestis, Gratz, Bagge, & Tull, 2012 [40]

Inpatient - C

SCID-I/P; DIPD-IV

176

35.8

36.12 (10.33)

53 (30.1)

Bardeen et al., 2014 [41]

Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C

DIPD-IV

58

45

44.5 (6.6)

22 (38.0)

Bornovalova et al., 2008 [42]

Inpatient - C

SCID

76

32.9

42.2 (8.2)

24 (31.6)

Bottlender, Preuss, & Soyka, 2006 [43]

Inpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID-II

237

18.1

42.0 (−-)

42 (17.9)

Dixon-Gordon, Tull, & Gratz, 2014 [44]

Residential SUD - C

SCID-I; DIPD-IV

246

36.2

35.6 (10.1)

83 (33.7)

Dunsieth et al., 2004 [45]

Residential (sex offenders without paraphilias) - C

SCID

26

0.0

39.0 (6.1)

4 (15.4)

Gonzalez, 2014 [46]

Inpatient Detoxification Unit - C

PAS

53

45.3

38.66 (8.45)

11 (21)

Gratz & Tull, 2010 [47]

Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C

SCID-IV; DIPD-IV

61

46.0

44.45 (7.05)

24 (39)

Kopetz et al., 2014 [48]

Residential SUD - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

211

32

45 (7.05)

58 (27.49)

Krieger et al., 2016 [49]

Inpatient - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

101

30.7

40.3 (12.6)

12 (11.9)

Modestin et al., 2001 [50]

Inpatient (opioid dependence) - C

SCID-II

100

0.0

29.7 (−-)

51 (51.0)

Preuss et al., 2001 [51]

Inpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID

135

20.7

41.8 (8.8)

23 (17.0)

Ross et al., 2003 [52]

Inpatient - C

SCID

100

19.0

37.1 (9.3)

39 (39.0)

Tull, Gratz, & Weiss, 2011 [53]

Inpatient - C

DIPD-IV; SCID-I/P

94

44.7

36.0 (10.07)

31 (33.0)

Vergara-Moragues, González-Saiz, Lozano, & García, 2013 [54]

Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C

PRISM

218

8.7

–

30 (13.8)

Webber et al., 2015 [55]

Inpatient - C

SCID-II

235

53

30.06 (8.41)

120 (51.3)

Yang, Liao, Wang, Chawarski, & Hao, 2015 [56]

Inpatient (heroin dependence) - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

1002

30.04

33 (6.8)

226 (22.6)

Zikos, Gill, & Charney, 2010 [57]

Inpatient (AUDs) - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

138

33.0

44 (9.7)

19 (13.0)

Ball, 2007 [58]; Ball & Cecero, 2001 [59]

Outpatient (opioid dependence) – C

SCID-II

78

54.0 (of those with PDs)

37.4 (5.9)

23 (29.5)

Barral et al., 2017 [60]

Outpatient - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

937

23.5

37.83 (10.05)

128 (13.7)

Becker, Añez, Paris, & Grilo, 2010 [61]

Outpatient (AUD-L) - L

S-DIPD-IV

130

31.0

37.4 (10.5)

39 (30.0) - C

Casadio et al., 2014 [62]

Outpatient - C

SCID-II

320

26.3

40.9 (10.8)

48 (15)

Dammann et al., 2017 [63]

Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C

SCID-II

26

34.6

41 (6.8)

3 (11.5)

DeMarce, Lash, Parker, Burke, & Brambow, 2013 [64]

Outpatient - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

183

0.04

50.1 (8.3)

16 (8.7)

Echeburua et al., 2005 [65]

Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID-I

IPDE

30

0.0

–

0 (0.0)

Echeburua, et al., 2007 [66]

Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID-I; IPDE

158

34.8

43.4 (−-)

8 (5.1)

Hunter-Reel, Epstein, McCrady, & Eddie, 2014 [67]

Outpatient (AUD) – C

SCID-II

102

100

45.05 (9.19)

6 (5.88)

Kidorf et al., 2015 [68]

Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C

SCID-I; SCID-II

125

53.6

39.1 (10.2)

34 (27.2)

Kok, de Haan, Wieske, de Weert, & de Jong, 2017 [69]

Outpatient - C

SIDP-IV

102

19.6

40.7 (10.8)

2 (2)

Palmer et al., 2003 [70]

Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C

SCID

107

53.0

43.1 (6.6)

40 (37.4)

Ralevski et al., 2007 [71]

Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID

225

2.7

47.0 (−-)

68 (30.2)

Zimmerman et al., 2005 [72]

Outpatient (MIDAS) - C

SCID-I; SIDP-IV

85

–

–

15 (17.6)

Chapman & Cellucci, 2007 [73]

Incarcerated - C

TAAD; SCID-II

58 with Alcohol Dependence

73 with Drug Dependence

100

–

14 (24.1) of those with alcohol dependence

21 (28.8) of those with drug dependence

Grella et al., 2008 [74]

Incarcerated (prison-based substance abuse treatment program) - C

SCID-II

280

35.0

34.8 (−-)

37 (13.2)

Mir et al., 2015 [75]

Incarcerated - C

MINI; SCID-II

93

100

–

16 (17)

Fenton et al., 2011 [76]

Community (NESARC) - C

AUDADIS-IV

613

32.5

–

138 (22.49) of those with drug dependence

Whitbeck, Armenta, & Welch-Lazoritz, 2015 [77]

Homeless community - C

CIDI; DIPD-IV

47

100

38.9 (10.22)

25 (53.19)

Comin et al., 2016 [78]

Outpatient + Inpatient Detoxification Unit (cocaine dependence) - C

PRISM

143

18.18

34.28 (8.01)

34 (23.8)

Daigre et al., 2015 [79]

Clinicala - C

EuropASI; SCID-II

512

24.1

38.8 (10.1)

66 (12.9)

Hasin et al., 2006 [80]

Inpatient & outpatient - L

PRISM-IV

285

46.0

36.3 (8.8)

56 (19.5) - L

Malik, Chand, Marimuthu, & Suman, 2017 [81]

Inpatient & outpatient (AUD) - C

MINI; SCID-II

35

100

38.51 (7.42)

6 (17)

Ross et al., 2005 [82]

Outpatient, residential, community (heroin dependence) - C

CIDI

825

35.0

29.5 (7.8)

388 (47.0)

Rubio et al., 2007 [83]

Inpatient & outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C

SCID

247

0.0

40.3 (−-)

29 (11.7)

Torrens et al., 2004 [84]

Inpatient & outpatient - C

SCID

105

31.0

33.3 (7.7)

7 (6.7)

Torrens et al., 2004 [84]

Inpatient & outpatient - C

PRISM-IV

105

31.0

33.3 (7.7)

12 (11.4)

Wapp et al., 2015 [85]

Inpatient & outpatient - C

SCID-II; MINI

1205

47.1

35.6 (9.9)

172 (14.3)

  1. NR denotes studies in which the raw count of individuals with BPD was not provided
  2. C Current diagnoses were reported. L Lifetime diagnoses were reported
  3. AUDADIS Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview, DIPD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, EuropASI European Addiction Severity Index, IPDE International Personality Disorder Examination, MINI Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, PAS Personality Assessment Schedule, PRISM Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SIDP-IV Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality, TAAD Triage Assessment for Addictive Disorders
  4. aDid not specify if the sample was inpatient or outpatient