Table 1 General principles of GIT-PD
Level | Principle | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
Organizational | Support | Sustained support of team by management board |
Structure | Predictability of program; e.g. schedule of appointments, availability of team, exchange of information, responsibilities of team members. | |
Integration | Cooperation with other services, e.g. crisis and social services; within and between units | |
Treatment process | Phased & episodic | Structured in time (begin-middle-end) and possibly episodic to prevent relapses |
Goal-focused | cooperative agreement upon goals. Regular evaluation, leading to adaptations or (premature) termination. | |
Team | Complementary | Enabling integration of all perspectives in the team |
Reflective | Enabling reflection upon team culture and processes | |
Supportive | Enabling mutual support to prevent iatrogenic actions | |
Common therapeutic factors | Self: Identity (autonomy-focused) | Strengthening autonomy; enhancing self-esteem; using strategies to identify, regulate and cope with (intense) emotions, including crisis |
Self: Self-direction (motivation-focused) | Monitoring and fostering motivation to engage and change in treatment; establishing strategies to improve self-reflection; Encouraging self-management of life stressors | |
Interpersonal: Empathy (other/context-focused) | Monitoring, discussing and challenging patient’s experiences of others, including the therapist; focusing on understanding emotions and behavioral reactions of others | |
Interpersonal: Intimacy (relationship-focused) | Enhancing trust in therapy; establishing an emotionally involved relationship; repairing ruptures; involving relatives and restoring openness to social learning | |
Basic stance of therapists | Curiously involved | Taking an investigative, curious, involved stance |
Supportive, Empathic | Taking an empathic, validating and supportive stance | |
Transparent, authentic | Open to discuss actual events in the therapist relationship |